The Biography Of Bob Marley Essays - Roots Reggae Library

The Biography of Bob Marley Via: Sean Dolan Robert Nesta Marley was conceived in Rhoden Hall, Saint Ann, Jamaica in 1945. He began as a man simply learning a welding exchange instructed to him in Kinston, Jamaica . While there Marley began a gathering in 1961 called the Rudeboys (later known as the Wailers). The Wailers included vocalists Bunny Livingston and Peter Tosh. The Wailers utilize a style of music called ska, which was a half and half of Rhythm and Blues and Jamaican Mento. He was an artist, guitarist, lyricist, and the most perceived reggae specialists on the planet today. In 1967 he changed over from Christianity from Rastafarianisn. Rastafarianism is a religion that accepted that the otherworldly impact of cannabis, it additionally embraced dark prevalence, and it likewise perceived Haile Salassie I (the lord of Ethiopia) as a living god. After his change his religion turned into a major piece of his music as well. In about each melody he sang of his new religion applauding Salassie I. His music presently contain a specific mysticism and magic that was one of a kind. Marley and the Wailers recorded Catch a Fire (1972), Burin' (1973), Natty Dread (1975), and Live (1975), and a couple different collections. During this time, there was a great deal of strife in Jamaica both strategically and financially and Marley developed a radical picture. In 1976 while a pot seller was at his place at around early afternoon, three folks arrived in a began terminating all over the place. He took three shots yet endure the death endeavor. After this he recorded Rastaman Vibrations (1976), Exodus (1977) and Babylon by the Bus (1978), Kaya (1978), Uprising (1980) and reissues of prior work. In 1981, Marley kicked the bucket from disease, however his work will be recollected until the end of time. As I would like to think, Bob Marley was an extraordinary artist who gave motivation during a period of tumult in Jamaica. The verses he sung moved through individuals as he sung it. Numerous individuals saw him as a simply one more druggy that sung however when he sung there was a sure soul that is simply undescribeable yet now lives in his music. I for one think of him as a legend for turning into a motivation to a whole nation.

Money Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cash Crisis - Essay Example To sell progressively beneficial subprime contracts, contract organizations packaged the obligation into union bundles and sold the obligation on to other money organizations. As such, contract organizations obtained to have the option to loan contracts. For instance, the loaning was not financed out of sparing records (Mortgage Guide). These home loan obligations were purchased by money related mediators. The thought was to spread the hazard, however, it simply spread the issue. Normally subprime home loans would have a high hazard appraisal rating. In any case, when the home loan groups got passed onto different moneylenders, rating organizations gave these dangerous subprime contracts a generally safe rating. Subsequently, the money related framework prevented the degree from securing hazard in their accounting reports (Mortgage Guide). Huge numbers of these home loans charged an inflatable financing cost in which, they charge low loan costs in the underlying time frame, yet toward the finish of the early on period loan fees rise quickly (Mortgage Guide). In 2007, the US needed to build financing costs on account of swelling (BBC). This made home loan installments progressively costly. Moreover, numerous property holders who had taken out home loans two years sooner currently confronted swelling contract installments as their early on period finished. Property holders additionally confronted lower discretionary cashflow due to rising medicinal services costs, rising petroleum costs and rising food costs. This caused This caused an ascent in contract defaults, the greatest number of new property holders couldn't bear the cost of home loan installments. These defaults additionally flagged the finish of the US lodging blast. US house costs began to fall and this caused more home loan issues. For instance, individuals with 100% home loans currently confronted negative value (Mortgage Guide). It likewise implied that the credits were did not make sure about anymore. In the event that individuals defaulted, the bank couldn't ensure to recover the underlying credit. The quantity of defaults caused numerous medium measured US contract organizations to fail. In any case, the misfortunes weren't limited to contract loan specialists, numerous banks additionally lost billions of pounds in the awful home loan obligation they had paid off US contract organizations. Banks needed to discount enormous misfortunes and this made them hesitant to make any further loaning, particularly in the now risky subprime area (Shah). The outcome was that inside and out the world, it turned out to be hard to collect assets and get cash. The expense of interbank loaning had expanded altogether. Frequently it was exceptionally hard to get any cash whatsoever. This influenced numerous organizations who had been presented to the subprime loaning. It additionally influenced a wide assortment of firms who currently experience issues acquiring cash (Shah). The stoppage in getting has added to an easing back economy with the chance of downturn in the US and all around the globe. Credit Crunch in the UK UK contract moneylenders didn't loan such a significant number of terrible home loans. Despite the fact that home loan loaning turned out to be progressively loose in the previous not many years, it despite everything had a greater number of controls set up than the US. In any case, it caused very

Aromatherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

Aromatherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder December 02, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Hero Images/Getty Images Aromatherapy for anxiety involves the use of essential oils taken from plant sources such as flowers, leaves, seeds, fruits, and roots. When these oils are inhaled or absorbed through the skin, there are resulting physiological effects. If you live with social anxiety disorder (SAD), you may consider using essential oils to help calm yourself. How to Use Essential Oils Essential oils must be diluted for use as they are in a concentrated form. You might choose to inhale the oils, use them on your skin, or distribute the scent in your home.   Here are a few different ways to use oils. Inhaled. For portable use, put a few drops of the oil on a tissue to keep in your pocket or on an aromatherapy bracelet or necklace.In your home. While at home, you can use an oil burner or diffuser.  Diluted. Essential oils could be used as part of your bath. Add about five drops of the oil of your choice to the running water to help you relax as you soak in the tub.Massage. Finally, essential oils can be used as part of the massage, either on your own or by a professional. Be sure to dilute the oils first with a carrier oil (such as apricot kernel or sweet almond oil). Use about five drops of essential oil with about 10 ml of carrier oil. How Can Aromatherapy Massage Help Your Anxiety? Choosing Essential Oils Your choice of essential oils will depend on your desired effects. Below are the common oils that are used and some of the suggested results of their use.   In the following list, nervine refers to oils that strengthen the nervous systems, while sedative refers to oils that calm the nervous system. Basil: nervine, for nervous tension, panic, depressionBergamot: sedative, for nervous tension, anxiety, insomnia, depressionCedarwood: sedative, for anxietyChamomile: sedative, nervine, for nervous tension, anxiety, insomnia, depressionClary Sage: sedative, nervine, for nervous tension, panic, depressionGeranium: nervine, for anxiety, depressionGrapefruit: for depressionHelichrysum: sedative, for panic, depressionFrankincense: sedative, for anxietyJasmine: sedative, for self-esteem, depressionLavender: sedative, nervine, for panic, insomnia, depressionLemongrass: for depressionMandarin: sedative, for anxiety, depressionMarjoram: sedative, nervine, for anxiety, insomniaNeroli: sedative, for anxiety, panic, insomnia, self-esteem, depressionOrange: sedative, for nervous tension, insomnia, depressionPatchouli: for depressionPeppermint: nervine, for panic, depressionPetitgrain: sedative, for panic, insomnia, depressionRose: sedative, for nervous tension, self-esteem, depressionRosemary: f or depressionRosewood: for depressionSage: for depressionSandalwood: sedative, for nervous tension, anxiety, insomnia, depressionThyme: for depressionVetiver: sedative, nervine, for nervous tension, insomniaYlang Ylang: sedative, for anxiety, panic, depression Combination Fragrances In addition to using oils on their own, you might also consider making combination fragrances in an oil burner. Here are two examples:For sleep:2 drops of lavender2 drops of chamomile2 drops of marjoramFor mood: 2 drops of orange2 drops of bergamot2 drops of geranium Safety and Effectiveness Its important to note that these products are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are not thoroughly tested or regulated, and there is little research evidence to support their effectiveness for social anxiety and other mental health conditions. In addition, since these products are not regulated, there is no guarantee regarding safety or ingredients. However, there is likely little harm in trying different types of aromatherapy to see if you feel it helps your anxiety. If you regularly use essential oils as a method to calm yourself, or pair their use with other relaxation exercises, over time it is likely that you may find simply inhaling the same scent will remind you of feeling calm. Research on Aromatherapy In a 2014 study published in the journal Biomedical Research International, it was shown that a four-week aromatherapy program for older persons with chronic pain was effective in reducing levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. While these results are promising, this is one small study that needs to be replicated on a larger scale. Only when there is a sufficient body of research evidence to support the effectiveness of aromatherapy, will it be possible to definitively state that this method of relieving anxiety has the backing of science. How to Use Aromatherapy for Stress Relief A Word From Verywell Above all, remember that essential oils alone are not likely to relieve severe social anxiety. If youve been struggling with symptoms, the first step should always be to visit a doctor or mental health practitioner for diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, you can experiment with aromatherapy for anxiety if you find that it offers benefits.

Reducing Unemployment as a Way of Reducing Crime Rate - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2516 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Unemployment Essay Did you like this example? Poverty is the mother of crime, these were the words by Magnus Aurelius that I concur too. Crime is a rampant social and economic problem that exists in all countries including the United States. If one was asked to point out even a single state where there is no crime. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reducing Unemployment as a Way of Reducing Crime Rate" essay for you Create order It would be difficult to point out. However, what remains different are the statistics. There are cities where crimes are so rampant or in certain streets while in others, it is a negligible number. According to a research published by Forbes magazine, Detroit is among the most dangerous cities that exist. Most crimes that happen here are often gang-related ranging from rape, robbery with violence, assault, drugs among other violent crime. St Louis, Atlanta, and Oakland are also part of the list and these high crime rates are due to the high poverty level that is closely linked to unemployment. Over the years, unemployment has been known to be the main cause as to why there are high crime rates in the world. Increased job opportunities as a way of dealing with the increased rate of poverty will eventually lead to a decrease in crime rate. Unemployment refers to the lack of job opportunities for people who are experienced and have looked for jobs without any success. The unemployment rate is a standard measurement that will often be used by researchers to report how prevalent unemployment rate is. It is obtained by dividing people who are unemployed by the number of individuals who are employed. There is never a time when there is full employment although most countries will often try come up with ways to combat unemployment because of the diverse effects it often has on the economy including increased crime rate. It is obvious how the crime rate will often relate to poverty and unemployment. There is often a lot of frustration when it comes to looking for job opportunities and none are available. We live in a society where everything has a monetary value meaning there is a very slim chance that one may survive (Baron, pg. 399-434). With rent to pay, food to buy and catering for oners personal needs, people often resor t in engaging in crime. In the US the unemployment rate varied from state to state. As of 2016, the rate of unemployment ranged from 2.7% in New Hampshire to 6.8 in New Mexico. In 2016, a research established that 5.8% of families include unemployed individual (Heinrich, pg. 52). Children who come from unemployed families are likely to fail. Failing means they are less likely to excel in their career or continue with their education. This results in them turning into rimes as a way of ensuring that they meet their needs. Again we have a link on how unemployment may result in an increased crime rate. More statistics have also shown that when a breadwinner loses a job, families may never recover financially as they can lose up to $140000. In order to ensure these individuals do not turn into criminals, more employment opportunities need to be related in order to ensure that the breadwinners are still able to support their families. In the modern day, unemployment can occur due to retrenchment or over flooding of the market with qualified individual and thus some people are left out. Without a sociological imagination, a person who has been retrenched would feel helpless as if they have no control over their lives and will keep wondering why they were so easily disposable. If someone were to search or apply for a new form of employment, it would prove quite difficult as more companies will also be trying to make cuts in order to be able to save money, thus employment opportunities get to grow scarcer daily. These rejecting may be too much for someone to handle and would eventually lead to the trapped feeling that Wright talked of in his book. The unemployed individual would be able to understand that this is a worldwide issue and many people face these issues. The government often need to play a great role in ensuring that employment opportunities are not scarce and that companies shouldnt lay off people instead create employment opportunities for them (Farrington, pg. 335-356). This can be done through legislation. The government also needs to provide a conducive environment for the businesses to grow. Times the government are largely to blame for their employment rate. They greatly tax these companies and come up with policies that make it hard for companies to grow. They end up collapsing and shutting down increasing unemployment. These retrenched or people who lose their job may decide to engage in criminal activities. Garry Becker was among the first economist to analyze the issue of crime while applying an economic model. In his paper Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach, states that like any other individual, thieves are also rational individuals. And through the illegal activities, they want to maximize their wellbeing (Becker, pg. 13-68). Most people who have employment opportunities have the financial capacity to maximize their wellbeing such as life in a good house, drive good cars and provide a good life to their family. However, those without employment opportunities and still want to lead this life will often have to resort to illegal means. Most of these illegal activities are ways which these people are still able to obtain finances and are at times so much more profitable than other jobs, for example selling drugs. This leads to more people being drawn into engaging in these activities. The risk of being rich is much more worth than being caught and this is why most would rather go to jail. Unemployment will often lead people into desperation points. Not everyone who engages in criminal activity do so because they have a bad heart but some scenarios are as a result of circumstances. When one is not able to cater for their needs it leads them to a point of desperation. Unemployment means there is a likelihood that you may be thrown out of the house due to late payment of rent or that your family will have to go hungry a day or two because there is no money to buy food. This kind of desperation may result in people into stealing or assault in order to survive. The theory of the poor having to steal from the rich. As in the famous 14th century English ballads that starred Robinhood who would steal from the rich and later redistribute to those who had nothing. In the current economy. There is a numerous number of American citizen undergoing economic difficulty. When you are earning zero and you can use a certain means to get the money it is highly likely that you are going to resort to such means. There is often the discussion of opportunity cost when discussing the crime and unemployment. Ehrlich was another economist who continued with Beckerrs work stating that criminals will often be involved with illegal and legal activities. By considering this then one can arrive at several reasons on why unemployment, low wages, and poverty promote high crime rates. However, time spent will dedicate which activity one will dedicate in their lives. This brings up the discussion on how profitable legal activities are. It is often argued that when a potential offender despite having the knowledge that if caught will result in sentencing or punishment, but goes ahead to do it then probably the rewards or whatever he wants to achieve is much greater. Consider a group of thieves who would risk being arrested while robbing a bank as they are assured that they will get millions of dollars. There are other theories that have often disputed the link between crime and unemployment. For a crime to occur there must be offenders and victims. Victims are often the working class and they have some sort of income or business. It is beaus of this that some theorist differs with economies such as Becker. Canto and land are some theorists that believe a decrease in the number of people working who are the victims manrs that there would be a reduction in the number of crimes happening. If there are more people who are unemployed then the people with no jobs will stay in their homes thus reducing the likelihood of their houses being robbed. Also, high unemployment rate means the country is undergoing recession thus there is little for the thieves to steal. These theories, however, are not really accurate because crime is still likely to occur the only variable that may be seen is the percentage. There has been enough evidence that creating job opportunities is likely to decrease the crime rates. Aside from unemployment leading to poverty, it also creates a lot of free time that may lead one into engaging in illegal activities. The crime rate goes hand in hand with the youth being unable to secure jobs including part-time jobs when they are in their summer break result in deviance among these school going children. Summer jobs are a great aspect of reducing the crime rate. Most cities nowadays are increasing Summer Youth Employment Programs in order to curb increased crime rate in the cities. These programs will often range between 14 to 24 weeks involving the students in high school and college. These jobs are given by both the governmental and non-governmental organizations. The youths are also likely to be involved in violent crimes that may result in their arrest. Providing them with employment opportunities especially when they are home on long summer breaks (Heller, pg. 1219-1223). There are various ways that the government may use in creating employment opportunities including arming people with skills to enable them to start their own businesses. This was evident in research that was done in DRC Congo. A nonprofit organization referred to as Action on Armed Violence offered to equip agricultural skills to men who were likely to engage in illegal activity including joining fighting mercenary. After they underwent the program, most of these people became more interested in the new activity. As long as an individual has the means to earn money or is able to cater for their families then they are likely to engage in criminal activities. Members who join a gang are easily lured into these gangs because they have no employment opportunities. Increasing employment opportunities means we get to reduce the number of people that are recruited to the gang. When there are few people to be recruited into the gang, then this means that the gang will not have the manpower t o conduct their criminal activities thus leading to a decline in the criminal activities. There were periods when the United States experienced a decline in criminal gang activity and these periods were seen to be the most productive days. The economy was great and there were many people employed. Although not everyone was employed, every household had someone working and they were thus able to meet their basic needs. The years when the United States experienced a reduced crime rate especially in 1990. However, when the great recession occurred, things took a turn. There was a high unemployment rate as things were not working out for the companies. In 2008, the world economy experienced the worst financial crises to have occurred after the Great Depression, which happened in the 1930s. The crisis began in mid-2007 when the high United States home prices finally turned downwards, and the effect spread quickly to the entire financial sector, as well as other financial markets overseas. The countrys largest insurance company, the popular mortgage lender, the entire investmen t banking industry, the organizations that were given a charter by the federal government to oversee mortgage lending, the largest commercial banks, as well as the largest savings and loan banks were affected greatly. Even though the carnage did not affect the financial sector alone, most of the companies that depended on credit were changed considerably. For instance, the American auto industry that begged for a federal bailout almost got itself at the edge of a deep hole. Additionally, as most banks did not believe that people would pay them back, they stopped making the loans, which most of these companies required for regulating their cash flow, and without these regulations, it would be impossible to do business. During that period, the share value plunged in the entire world, and by 2008, the United States had lost at least 33.8 percent of its value (Palley, pg. 3-17). All these contributed to the high unemployment rate that drove the crime rate up. Sociological imagination can be related to the issue of unemployment through the example of great depression. During this period the majority of Americans were unemployed and poor. This may have seemed like a very personal issue, but the scale was larger as it affected the majority of the people. Mills, however, targets the issue of unemployment as micro and macro situations. He states that In a city of 100,000, only one is unemployed, that is his personal trouble in a nation of 50 million employees, 15 million people are unemployed that is an issue (Mills). An issue that many people in the social experience. These statistics are a clear indication that unemployment is not a personal issue but a societyrs issues. This is why the government needs to come up with better ways to deal with the crime by creating employment opportunities. Formal jobs, white collar, and blue collar will never be enough for everybody. It is for this reasons the government need to start supporting those who want to be self-employed. This includes giving loans to startup businesses and SMEs. These companies as they grow will create more opportunities creating jobs for several other people who are desperate for employment before they start engaging in illegal activities. More millennials are joining the self-employment wagon which is a good thing. With this pace, it is estimated that the number of self-employed people could double leading to a decrease in the number of unemployed people. Youths are often thought to be the highest number of people affected with unemployment and the bills to pay as well as third studentrs loan at times prompts them into joining gangs or robbing thus increasing criminal activity. With more job opportunities created, then they will have the necessary source of income to cater for their needs without engaging i n illegal activities. There are reasons however that the government does not really seem to pay attention to the unemployment rate because more people in the country are employed than unemployed. One may observe that in the country with millions of individuals, then having approximately five hundred people who are unemployed may be less urgent compared to a having an issue where there are five hundred people employed in a society (Kelling, 45-97). The society needs to start however realizing that the unemployed become a menace as they will eventually be drawn to the crime life making the life of everyone quite difficult. No jobs, more crime. More Jobs no crime these are the words that would summarize this essay.

Ethics and Greenwashing Essay - 1445 Words

Ethics can be defined as a set of moral standards, relied on to reach conclusions and decisions. Within a business environment, ethics play a large role in sophisticated decision making. Maintaining an ethical nature within a business can benefit both the internal and external stakeholders within the business. Ethics are genuinely shaped as you mature and grow, and are significantly influenced by both your surrounding environment and the people around you. Your ethical viewpoints continue changing and evolving over time as a result of the different people you expose and interact with as well as the change of environment and situations you can find yourself in. Business ethics are genuinely based on the way in which positive benefits can†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A major result of green washing, is public confusion†, said Terrachoice vice president Scot Case. But green washing can also pose environmental threats, and that it is indeed harmful as seen in 2008, when the Malaysian Palm Oil Council produced a television advertisement claiming itself as being eco-friendly, with a voiceover throughout the commercial stating â€Å"Malaysia Palm Oil. Its trees give life and help our planet breathe, and give home to hundreds of species of flora and fauna.† In this case public confusion happens, as advertisement critics including ‘Friends of the Earth’, palm oil plantations are linked to rainforest species extinction, habitat loss, pollution from burning to clear land, destruction of flood buffer zones, and other adverse affects. The clear evident contrast is considerably unfair as well-intentioned consumers are being misled into purchases that do not deliver on their environmental promise. This in turn means both the individual has been misled and they have lost feeling of their commitment to the environment, which was the likely reason they pursued purchasing the product or service due to the nature in which it is environmentally friendly, and their desire to benefit the environment has been dissipated. This reaches a stage in which people begin seeing further examples of green washing and they are notShow MoreRelatedGreenwashing: Misleading Claims of Environmental Benefits Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies claiming it to be green . In the last several years, there are companies issuing Green claims and accused of Greenwashing. The green products and Greenwash products are labeled to be eco-friendly while they are not and overstatement of high ratings of environmental claims. This also causes confusion and difficult to determine genuine eco-friendly products from a Greenwashing product. 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According to the article in â€Å"The Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics†, â€Å"the greenwashing mindset—otherwise known as companies exaggerating trivial environmental changes to products, services, and processes—pervades many discussions of the environment. Characteristic of this mindset is the view that business could never act on values other than profit maximizationRead MoreConsumer Perceptions Of A Product Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesthe foundation for perceptions of behavioural control (Ajzen, 1991). The behaviour in the TPB is a direct result of intention, while intention is a direct result of the three aforementioned independent variables (Ajzen, 1991). When connected with greenwashing the assumptions can be drawn that consumers who already have a negative attitude toward green products will result in dissatisfaction as the attitude toward the behaviour; this in turn will inf luence purchasing behaviour. Subjective norms alsoRead MorePerceptions And Perceptions Of Consumer Behavior Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesIn attitude-behaviour relationships, the Theory of Reasoned Action states that consumer behaviours are constructed by their attitudes, and the attitude itself is the result of the consumers’ perception (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975). With regards to greenwashing, research has found that this attitude-behaviour relationship could manipulate the perception of consumer (see table 2 for perceptions and explanations), for instance, perceived deception (Newell et al., 1998), perceived scepticism (Albayrak etRead MoreSocial Implications Of Business Ethics1601 Words   |  7 PagesAkram Hussain Unit 37 – Assignment 3 Social implications of business ethics Introduction In this assignment I have been asked to describe the social implications of business ethics facing a selected business in its different areas of activity. I have then been asked to assess these social implications of business ethics. 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Nevertheless, corporations often draw from symbolically rich environmental imagery and fasten it to advertising campaigns in an attempt to bolster a socially conscious image. In this process of â€Å"gree nwashing†, corporations reputations and products are intimately linked to promotional culture by attempting to represent itself as sustainable, progressive, and trustworthy in the public eye while ignoring the implications of unethical production and excessiveRead MoreCorporate Social Reporting ( Csr )1556 Words   |  7 Pagesstakeholders; although that is a primary reason in many organizations. However, other organizations have different objectives altogether that can include a range of different motivations. Some models have broken the range of motivations into signaling or greenwashing or used legitimacy theory to explain the motivations by firms to report on their social and environmental performances. This analysis will look at some of the different models that have been constructed to attempt to explain why firms utilize CSRRead MoreHow Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) Has Evolved Over Time2289 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss how corporate social responsibility (CSR) has evolved over time. The relative issue of greenwashing will also be discussed in regards to its rise as well as driving factors for its use, and how activist groups and NGOs are targeting and combating the issue. What is CSR? Firstly, we must understand today’s definition of CSR and the concept of the triple bottom line. Cherry and Snierson (2011, 1010) state that corporate social responsibility means

Research Computer and Video Games Free Essays

Chapter Two Abstract This research paper explores published articles that report on results from research conducted on how portable electronic communication gadgets affect a student’s study habit. The articles, however, may vary in their own point of view regarding the effects on the students. According to A. We will write a custom essay sample on Research: Computer and Video Games or any similar topic only for you Order Now Saez (2011), it was pointed out that technology is an integral part of our day-to-day lives. Other articles included in this paper elaborated positive and negative effects of gadgets. According to Admin (2011), electronic gadget devices can have positive and negative effects on youth. Also, According to Jessy Norman (2009), computers and other related technologies have become an enormous part of our daily lives. They have altered our sense of people, space, and time. shadow66 (2006) has pointed it out that the main problem is the proper use of this gadgets or the knowledge that are easy to be accessed. Introduction Electronic Communication gadgets are essential to society and to people’s everyday lives. These gadgets have benefits but as well as drawbacks. Take modern technology as an example to elaborate. According to shadow66 (2006) Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology; Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Nowadays, when the rapidness of development and research is so impressive, it is easy to think about the advantages of modern technology. On the minus side, there is weaponry which is the inseparable issue of the new technologies. Hence, the main problem is the proper use of this knowledge. Nevertheless, weapon engineering propels and provides a huge advance also the industry despite highly developed machinery pollutes the globe. According to Admin (2011) What is the Effect of Electronic Gadgets on Youth? ; Electronic gadget devices can have positive and negative effects on youth. According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, video games can help children practice following directions and problem solving, and refine motor and spatial skills. Negative effects include social isolation, aggressive behavior, violence, confusing reality and fantasy, and poor grades. Signs of possible psychological addiction to computer or video game use among youth an include worsening school grades; choosing the computer or video games over family, friends or social activities; or restlessness and irritability when not playing a video game or on the computer. Signs of possible psychological addiction to computer or video game use among youth can include worsening school grades; choosing the computer or video games over family, friends or social activities; or restlessness and irritability when not playing a video g ame or on the computer. According to Australia’s media network ABC, Monash University’s research shows that children who sent text messages were faster on some tests, but also less accurate. In a NetWorkWorld article, Text Message Language Won’t Affect Kids Spelling, Canada’s University of Alberta said that boys who used emphasized â€Å"text speak† were on average worse spellers, while girls who largely abbreviated were better spellers. A 2007 Pew Internet American Life Project study revealed that strangers contacted 43 percent of social-networking teens online; 31 percent of social-networking teenagers have online â€Å"friends† they have never personally met. According to Jessy Norman (2009) Bad Effects of Technology; Computers and other related technologies have become an enormous part of our daily lives. They have altered our sense of people, space, and time. From our living rooms, we can now talk to people, and watch events unfold in far-off places. Shopping, banking, and game playing are just a few of the other daily activities that have also changed. So many aspects of the ways we communicate and handle information have been altered by technological development. Cellular phones, answering machines, voice mail, fax machines, cable televisions, computer networks, satellite communications and e-mail are only some recent changes. Other manifestations of this change would be the location of where it is happening. Yes, it is everywhere, including the classrooms for the use of educating children. Technology is now becoming more popular in the presence of classrooms all around the world. Tomorrow’s future is in the hands of today’s students. According to Angel Lucifer (2009) What Are The Negative And Positive Effects Of Advance Technologies, Like The Internet, To Student’s Performance? ; One of the most compelling arguments made against the use of omputers by children is the risk of repetitive motion injury such as carpal tunnel syndrome. This problem may be greater for children than for adults because their musculature and skeletal systems are not fully formed and may be at greater risk for injury. Children’s risk of suffering repetitive motion injuries may be further increased because they tend to use computers that are sized for adults, placed on adult-sized furniture, and positione d for an adult user. Another possible risk of using computers is eye-strain, which may include dryness due to not blinking enough, headaches, and blurry vision. To reduce this risk, it is important to limit the time spent staring at the screen; take frequent breaks, making sure to focus the eyes on distant objects; and blink frequently. It is also important to position the monitor sixteen to twenty-seven inches away and in a way that ensures that the user views it at a slightly downward angle. Following some highly publicized events in Japan, it has been suggested that there may be a risk of seizure for children playing video games containing bright flashing lights. Many video games include an elementary school student uses a computer in the school library while another students looks on. The ease and facility with which children use computers comes from the ability children have for assimilating tools in their environment for their personal use. (O’Brien Productions/Corbis) a warning to this effect in their documentation. Fortunately, very few children are susceptible to this condition. For those who are, however, this is potentially a very serious situation. According to Alex Saez (2011) Bad Effects of Electronic Gadgets; Technology is an integral part of our day-to-day lives. People all over the world rely on it for things like communication, organization and employment. Not a day goes by when you don’t encounter someone talking on his cell phone, tapping away on a laptop or listening to an MP3 player. While this technology is impressive, there are certain drawbacks in areas like health, public safety and education that should be addressed. Being aware of these dangers can help diminish or reverse these drawbacks. According to the website Healthy Hearing, one-third of teenagers own an MP3 player, such as an iPod. Dr. Craig Kasper, Director of Audiology at the New York Otolaryngology Group, warns that these devices can cause ear damage if used improperly. If the volume is too high or if the individual listens for a long time, hearing damage can happen. Also, ear buds are more dangerous than regular headphones. Healthy Hearing recommends that listeners keep the volume below 70 percent and limit listening time to between 60 and 90 minutes. If you want to listen indefinitely, turn the volume down to 50 percent. Text slang, such as â€Å"ur† instead of â€Å"you’re† is commonly used through cell phone texting. However, a recent study shows that kids and teens are actually letting these obscure abbreviations seep into their normal writing. A recent study by Pew Internet in 2008 revealed that 50 percent of students use informal slang in their assignments. Furthermore, 38 percent admit they have used abbreviations in their schoolwork like â€Å"LOL†, which stands for â€Å"laugh out loud†. Additionally, 25 percent say that they use emoticons such as â€Å"smiley faces† in formal writing. The problem has become so apparent that some U. S. politicians are concerned that the English language and sentence structure is being twisted, negatively affecting students’ learning. Electronic gadgets are now very essential to our society today. We need electronic gadgets to do business, to have some recreation and help us get through our daily lives. For better or worse, technology has a significant influence on the study habits of students. In many ways, such as with computers, researching and fact gathering is made easier. However, whether you are a student, a teacher or a parent, you have probably found that the vice is often wrapped in the virtue, and that the same things that are beneficial can also prove to be distracting. References Admin, (2011). Electronic gadget devices result to positive and negative effects on youth. What is the Effect of Electronic Gadgets on Youth? Lucifer, A. (2009). Use of computers by children is the risk of repetitive motion injury. What Are The Negative and Positive Effects of Advance Technologies to Student’s Performance? Norman, J. (2009). Computers and other related technologies have become an enormous part of our daily lives. Bad Effects of Technology. Saez, A. (2011). People all over the world rely on it for things like communication, organization and employment. Bad Effects of Electronic Gadgets. Shadow66, (2006). Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology. How to cite Research: Computer and Video Games, Essays

Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell

Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-tale Heart Essay The Tell-Tale Heart was written by Poe in 1843 when he was just 34 years of age, 6 years before his death. This is a very sinister story which reflects the narrators immense emotions towards the mans eye, and drives the narrator to murder him. In the story, Poe describes the eye as the eye of a vulture a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees very gradually I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever. (Poe 542-543) The belief of the evil eye goes all the way back to ancient times in Greece and Rome, and still exists today in some parts of India. Defined as unexplainable sicknesses and misfortunes transmitted by merely looking at another person usually without intention by someone who is envious, the narrator of the story says that it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. Did Poe have knowledge of this extraordinary belief? It is very possible that he could have, although that might put a new twist into the story itself. Maybe the narrator who is trying to tell us that madness is not the only thing striving him to kill the old man, is telling the truth. He may be killing the old man to get rid of his evil eye. (Lucky) (Poe 543) Poe as a young man had an enormous amount of misfortunes, which may have drove him to write about the man with the glass eye. According to Grolier Encyclopedia Online, both Poes parents had died before he reached the age of 3, so he was thrown into a foster home where he grew up living an uneventful life not liking his foster parents. As he got older, he went to college and picked up a bad gambling habit, and went far into debt. His wealthy foster father, John Allan, then refused to pay for his education, and also broke off his engagement with his childhood sweetheart, Sarah. Edgar was a very indelible person, and may have taken his misfortunes too personally, driving him to write soliloquies of hideous drama. There may have been a time in his life where he wanted to or had killed someone, and he decided to write about the incident. The beating heart that the narrator hears in The Tell-Tale Heart, could be referring to the guilt that he would have or had placed on himself by murdering a man.

Many People Are Villainous In The Way They Act, And Their Villainous A

Many people are villainous in the way they act, and their villainous acts may be rooted in the desire to destroy others, or in the hopes of elevating themselves. Many people may only act "villainous" in reaction to the way they have been treated in the past. Shylock the Jew is the villain or antagonist in the play .The Merchant of Venice.. Shylock mistreats Antonio the Christian, his daughter, Jessica and Launcelot. The first person Shylock mistreats, is Launcelot. He mistreats this servant by complaining behind Launcelot's back of his laziness. Shylock says, "The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder, Snail-slow in profit, and he sleeps by day More than the wildcat. Drones hive not with me.. ..His borrowed purse." 1 Shylock also acts villainous towards Launcelot by acting belligerent towards him. "Who bids thee call? I do not bid thee call." 2 Shylock mistreats this man because of his poverty, and because Launcelot is socially beneath him. You also start to wonder about how fair Shylock is, when Launcelot is deciding whether or not to leave him. Shylock also mistreats his own daughter, Jessica. He mistreats her by keeping her as a captive in her own house, not letting her out, and not letting her hear the Christian music around her. He orders her to: "Lock up my doors; and when you hear the drum... ..But stop my house's ears-I mean casements. Let not the sound of shallow fopp'ry enter My sober house." 3 Jessica considers her home to be hell, and she calls Launcelot, a "merry little devil". She even states that her father is Satan. Shylock also mistreats his own daughter, by not loving her enough, even to the point where he complains about all of the money he's spending in a search to find her. "Why, there, there, there, there! A diamond gone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankford! The curse.. ..ill luck stirring but what lights o' my shoulders; no sighs but o' my breathing; no tears but o' my shedding."4 Salerio makes the audience wonder about Shylock, when he raves about when Shylock was calling out, "Oh my ducats, my daughter, my ducats, my daughter.." This makes you wonder which he misses the most. This proves that he mistreats, even his own daughter. He values his money more than his own blood. Shylock mistreats Antonio. He does so by talking behind Antonio's back, and he reveals his hatred of Antonio, when he says, "How like a fawning publican he looks! I hate him for he is a Christian; But more for that...Cursed be my tribe If I forgive him!" 5 Shylock feels justified in exacting revenge for all the ills Antonio causes him. He then draws up an unbelievable bond. He blames Antonio for all of his problems, even his race's problems are blamed on people like Antonio, and he feels Christians have persecuted his race when he says, "To bait fish withal. If it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge...The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction." 6 He shows that he will copy the example of Christians. Shylock becomes the true villain when he atkes Antonio to court. These actions prove that Antonio is mistreated by Shylock, the villain. Shylock is the villain of .The Merchant of Venice.. He mistreats too many people, and then asks for mercy in a court. Shylock is mad for revenge towards all Christians, especially Antonio. He is such a villain that even his daughter and servant are eager to escape him. Villains are oftenly antagonists in story plots and normally are a threat to the main character. Villains normally have motives behind their evil doings. Endnotes: 1. Shakespeare, William. .Merchant of Venice.. (Washington Square Press, New York, 1957) p. 30 2. .Ibid. p. 29 3. .Ibid. p. 30 4. .Ibid. p. 46 5... .Ibid. p. 13 6. .Ibid. p. 44

When College isn’t for Everyone †Smart Options for Smart Kids. EssaySupply.com

When College isn’t for Everyone – Smart Options for Smart Kids Choosing your route We are right to question the value of a college education. Certainly, it is the correct route for a large chunk of students; certainly, it is not the correct route for another large chunk of students. Here’s why: College costs have now reached the point of being absurd. When family resources cannot pay the price, students graduate with debt that will stay with them for almost their entire career lifetimes. The traditional 4-year degree has almost become meaningless in many fields. Student spend their first two years completing general education requirements so as to be more well-rounded, and really only get into their major fields of study their final two years. Two years in many fields today is inadequate, and students must then incur more debt for graduate school. What are the Alternatives? Forecasters are currently predicting those career fields in which there will be large opportunity in the future. Obvious, technology is huge, but so is health care, hotel and restaurant management, e-commerce, construction, green energy, and a host of other service industries, like college essay writing service. These career fields will by no means require a knowledge of Shakespeare, the ability to write a comparison/contrast essay, or an understanding of benzene rings. What’s more, we no longer have the luxury of providing expensive liberal arts backgrounds, so that students may be â€Å"well-rounded† – other countries are leaving us in the dust. So, what choices do students have if traditional college is not for them? Community College-Industry Collaborative Programs Many jobs go unfulfilled because certain industries cannot find qualified candidates. This has led to community college-industry partnerships that specifically train students for careers that are in high demand and for which there is not a sufficient labor supply. Students should check these out – two year of training and into a career – boom! Vocational-Technical Schools There are â€Å"good guys† and â€Å"bad guys† in this business. But state departments of education publish those schools that are reputable and that prepare students well of current and future careers. Highly technical training, such as water treatment, digital design, and medical technology will serve any graduate of these programs quite well. Online Educational Programs There are huge opportunities, including free college coursework, for students who are highly motivated and self-disciplined. Students may not get formal college credit but they do get certificates of course completion with a grade. Many employers re considering these MOOC’s to be every bit as valuable as the credit-bearing courses, especially when they come from institutions such as Purdue, Princeton, and Stanford. If you are the one who says "I  hate writing essays" there is also a great option of help with writing papers being available online. A High School Diploma Won’t â€Å"Cut it† There are no career jobs available for high school graduates today. Part of the reason is that high schools are also steeped in the traditional, general education curricular requirements, and do not offer programs that allow immediate employment in fields with career potential.   The Takeaway Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg decided that a college education was not for them. They have not done too badly. There are many other options for careers, and the required training is far less expensive and far more focused than in a 4-year college. If you think college is not for you, you have good company and lots of options.

Triangle Order Fulfillment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Triangle Order Fulfillment - Case Study Example Triangle Order Fulfillment Analysis In June the total number of orders that was received was 280900. The total number of defected orders was 2227. Defects per opportunity can be calculated here by using the formulae DPU= number of defect/number of opportunities = 2227/280900 = 0.0004081 This value is small indicating that the defects level is average. However the next month see the company having a DPU of 0.0089. This is a very large increase showing us that the level of error per total number of orders has increased. In august, the DPU reduced with a small range from that of July to get 0.0085. After this the DPU has been increasing steadily to reach 0.009 in November six months after the first DPU is measured. The increase in the DPU over the years shows that there is an increase in the number of low quality work that is done by the staff. The DPMO of all the months can be calculated as DPMO= 1000000*DPU. The DPMO of the month of June is 1000000*0.000408 this gives us 408. The DPMO of the next month increase s to 8800 showing a significant increase over the two months. The DPMO of the following months has been on the increase increasing steadily to reach the 9000 mark. This value shows that if one million orders are taken then 9000 of they will have defects. Though this might seem a small number, the problem comes by the way that it has arisen from 480 to 9000. . This shows that there are some changes that have been seen over the past 6 months. The graph below shows the way that the DPU as well as the DPMO have been increasing over the past 6 months.... This shows us that there might been a change or a significant event occurred between June and July to cause the changes that occur in the change in the DPU. K sigma can also be calculated from the above data but the standard deviation has to be calculated first. From the data the SD= 567. K= tolerance/ (2*SD) this we get the K sigma to be 1000000/ (2*567) ewe get value 881. Therefore the value is high and shows that the quality rate is reducing every time. If these defects are to be reduced then six sigma should be adopted by the company. There are lots of benefits that come with the use of six sigma, one is the improvement in quality of the work that is done, six sigma also provides an opportunity for the removing of the causes of defects in the organization and to also make sure that variability is reduced. The quality management tools that are used by six sigma also provide a special infrastructure of the general work force and this in turn helps the management to know the experts in each specific fields. For Ms. Jackson to convince Mr. Nguyen of the importance of six sigma, she needs to get all the benefits of six sigma and list them to the manager. She also needs to do research on companies that have successfully used six sigma and how they have benefited from the six sigma method. She also needs to inform the manager, that even if the implementation of six sigma would cost the company, it will help in saving for the expenses that come due to low quality. For six sigma to be in fully implemented, the following roles have to be taken The executive leadership has to be taken. The CEO and the top members of the management are to be in this category Champions who have the responsibility of implementing the six sigma Master black these are identified

Extradition within the United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Extradition within the United Kingdom - Essay Example To extradite means to return a criminal suspect into his country of origin or in a country in which he is to face trial. Suspects have the right to waive extradition in that they may choose to wilfully go back to the country in which the charges are pending. In certain circumstances the country in which the suspect has fled to may opt not to extradite the individual if they feel that the warranty for prosecution is not valid enough. (UK Parliament, 2000) Since extradition is governed by international laws, then most countries have entered into treaties to determine how suspects may be treated. Some countries may opt not to extradite persons that have been charged with serious crimes. In other circumstances, some countries may be specific about the extradition of persons who have committed serious crimes. In other scenarios, certain countries may have very complicated procedures for extradition and this may eventually lead to legal hurdles for the country conducting the trial. Certain countries such as Canada may not allow extradition if it is found that the suspect is likely to face the death penalty. Usually between the United Kingdom and other states contain information about extraditable offenses, conditions to waive extradition, conditions of entry into the country and what could lead to termination of extradition. In the United Kingdom (or a... In other words, it also called the outgoing extradition. However, since the United Kingdom is a member of the European Community, then it must comply with rules and regulations that have been written down by this body. One such instrument is the European Arrest Warrant or the EAW. The latter scheme is a common extradition law that is supposed to apply to all member states of the EC. However, the latter is not an exclusive document that is supposed to be treated independently. Instead, countries are expected to enact national legislations through the use of the EAW. In fact, very few countries within the EU have enacted the EAW. (UK Parliament, 2003) There are varying ways in which countries have implemented the EAW; however, most of the common features include decisions on who is to carry out the extradition and what duration of time is necessary for the entire process. Usually, most countries in the EU expect that extradition should be conducted by a court of law rather than a particular individual such as a government minister. Additionally, countries require that extradition be done in a period that is less than sixty days. Summary of the Conditions for extradition in the UK The details of this act shall be examined below but before getting into the intricacies, it is imperative to look into some of the overall themes involved. In other words there are some minimum requirements that govern the process of extradition in the region. First of all, for extradition to the United Kingdom, the country under consideration must have entered into a treaty or a convention with the country involved. Besides this, the crime under consideration must be one that is covered by

Cooperative Learning Advantages for English Language Learners

Cooperative Learning Advantages for English Language Learners Cooperative learning is defined as any group learning activity organized in such a way that learning is dependent on the socially structured exchange of academic content as well as other information between the specific group of learners, and whereas each individual learner is accountable for his/her own learning (Tinker-Sachs et al, 2003). Furthermore, Kagan (2002; 1994) states that cooperative learning will ultimately lead to increases in the learning of other members in the group. Kagan posits (2002) that cooperative learning is an excellent teaching strategy that promotes enhanced learning for diverse student populations and is especially beneficial for English language learners. Noyes (2010) further states that English language learners participating in cooperative learning groups not only increase overall understanding of the English language, they also develop deeper understanding of academic content as well as academic language. Continuing research from Cummins (2009) suggest that students with diverse learning abilities, including students with learning disabilities improve their skills through the natural scaffolding strategies found in cooperative learning groups.

Emerging markets Essay

Emerging markets are nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The economies of China and India are considered to be the largest.[1] According to The Economist many people find the term outdated, but no new term has yet to gain much traction.[2] Emerging market hedge fund capital reached a record new level in the first quarter of 2011 of $121 billion.[3] The seven largest emerging and developing economies by either nominal GDP or GDP (PPP) are China, Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey. [pic] An emerging market economy (EME) is defined as an economy with low to middle per capita income. Such countries constitute approximately 80% of the global population, and represent about 20% of the world’s economies. The term was coined in 1981 by Antoine W. Van Agtmael of the International Finance Corporation[pic] of the World Bank. Although the term â€Å"emerging market† is loosely defined, countries that fall into this category, varying from very big to very small, are usually considered emerging because of their developments and reforms. Hence, even though China is deemed one of the world’s economic powerhouses, it is lumped into the category alongside much smaller economies with a great deal less resources[pic], like Tunisia. Both China and Tunisia belong to this category because both have embarked on economic development and reform programs, and have begun to open up their markets and â€Å"emerge† onto the global scene. EMEs are considered to be fast-growing economies. What an EME Looks Like EMEs are characterized as transitional, meaning they are in the process of moving from a closed economy to an open market economy while building accountability within the system. Examples include the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc countries. As an emerging market, a country is embarking on an economic reform program that will lead it to stronger and more responsible economic performance levels, as well as transparency and efficiency[pic] in the capital market. An EME will also reform its exchange rate system because a stable local currency builds confidence in an economy, especially when foreigners are considering investing. Exchange rate reforms also reduce the desire for local investors to send their capital abroad (capital flight). Besides implementing reforms, an EME is also most likely receiving aid and guidance from large donor countries and/or world organizations such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. One key characteristic of the EME is an increase in both local and foreign investment (portfolio and direct). A growth in investment in a country often indicates that the country has been able to build confidence in the local economy. Moreover, foreign investment is a signal that the world has begun to take notice of the emerging market, and when international capital flows are directed toward an EME, the injection of foreign currency into the local economy adds volume to the country’s stock market and long-term investment to the infrastructure. For foreign investors or developed-economy businesses[pic], an EME provides an outlet for expansion by serving, for example, as a new place for a new factory or for new sources of revenue. For the recipient country, employment levels rise, labor and managerial skills become more refined, and a sharing and transfer of technology occurs. In the long-run, the EME’s overall production levels should rise, increasing its gross domestic product and eventually lessening the gap between the emerged and emerging worlds. Portfolio Investment and Risks Because their markets are in transition and hence not stable, emerging markets offer an opportunity to investors who are looking to add some risk to their portfolios. The possibility for some economies to fall back into a not-completely-resolved civil war or a revolution sparking a change in government could result in a return to nationalization, expropriation and the collapse of the capital market. Because the risk of an EME investment is higher than an investment in a developed market, panic, speculation and knee-jerk reactions are also more common – the 1997 Asian crisis, during which international portfolio flows into these countries actually began to reverse themselves, is a good example of how EMEs can be high-risk investment opportunities. (For more insight on getting into emerging economies, read Forging Frontier Markets.) However, the bigger the risk, the bigger the reward, so emerging market investments have become a standard practice among investors aiming to diversify while adding risk. (For more details on the advantages and disadvantages of making foreign investments, see Is Offshore Investing For You? and Going International.)

Assess the Significance of Developments in Policing Essay

There were many significant developments in policing which aided the effectiveness of law enforcement in Britain from the period of 1830 to 1965. Reasons as to why developments were necessary in this period; firstly between the years 1829 – 1850 there was a steady increase in crime[1]. Secondly as time progressed criminals came up with ways to beat the policing system, therefore it was necessary for policing in Britain to develop, in order to keep on top of crime. Development factors such as; the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force, passing of key legislation were key developments in policing which influenced law and order. Other developments such as the reformation of prisons and developments in technology, coupled with roles of individuals such as; Elizabeth Fry and high profile cases like that of Oscar Wilde, also contributed to the effectiveness of law enforcement in the 19th and 20th century. The first significant development in British policing, which notably advocated effective law enforcement was the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force in 1830. This was a significantly fundamental advancement in law enforcement as it was the first time in British history that an organised policing force was introduced and it updated the predated system of watchmen and bow street runners. However, the force was met with varying attitudes from the public, much of which was sensationalised by the media[2]. Other major Acts were implemented to support the Metropolitan police, especially forces outside of London, for example; the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. This was a significant development as it nationalised the police force therefore allowing effective law enforcement to take place throughout the country, unlike before where it was restricted to London[3]. However the effectiveness of these developments can be questioned, as police officers were often criticised for being drunks and bullies[4], therefore they were mistrusted by the general public. There were further attempts to nationalise the police force, such as the Rural Constabulary Act 1839. This was a significant development in law  enforcement as the legislation focused nationalising policing in rural areas. On the other hand, the enforcement of the Act was optional[5] thus limiting its effectiveness, as many boroughs were apprehensive of its creation. Nevertheless further legislation was pioneered in the form of the County and Borough Police Act of 1856, which saw every county having to acquire a professional police force[6]. The government encouraged the development and gave incentives such as; paying for clothing and wage to efficient police forces[7]. Officers therefore, would have felt a sense of duty to their jobs accurately as they had respectable positions. Additional legislation allowed the policing forces of Britain to develop into further branches, such as the establishment of the C.I.D in 1877 which investigated homicides. This development was pivotal as it loosened pressure on the Metropolitan police force and allowed a select force to focus on a case. However, the birth of the C.I.D incurred with the Turf Fraud Scandal, thus leaving the public suspicious and distrustful of the establishment. The C.I.D’s first major test came in the form of the Jack the Ripper Case in 1888[8], which instilled fear throughout the nation. Conversely the case was significant in another light, as police performance was repeatedly criticised for its incapability and slow work. Other cases such as The Arrest of Scotland Yard[9], did not help the detective forces as they were again shown as an inefficient and corruptive detectives. The development of the C.I.D also brought about the development of the Special Irish Branch in 1884, both which showed their significance as they foiled the assassination attempt of Queen Victoria at her Golden Jubilee in 1887[10]. This was a significant case as it showed the public that both, the C.I.D and the Special Branch were effective developments of law and order as cooperative work between forces ensured the protection of the Queen and thus the nation. It is apparent that other factors contributed in influencing effective law and order and not only developments in policing, for instance the reformation of prisons. Prisons in the 18th century have been criticised for their poor sanitation, poor food and living conditions. It was remarked that felons in Britain lived â€Å"worse than dogs or swine†[11]. Humanitarian Elizabeth Fry campaigned for the separation of women and children from male  prisoners, especially after she witnessed the appalling conditions in prisons[12]. Her work was promoted throughout the House of Commons and with the support of Sir Robert Peel; they introduced a series of prison reform including the Gaols Act 1823. This showed the strong public opinion on issues regarding law and order, especially as intervention of influential individuals was evident. By 1840 the government had recognised that prisons needed to be modernised, such as the Pentonville prison in 1842. Developments such as these meant that wardens could control prisons better and new regimes could be exercised, such as the separate system, where inmates were kept in solitary confinement from the beginning of their sentence. This development aided effective law and order as there were reported cases of reformed criminals, however the system sent many insane or led them to suicide, questioning the regime and the governments handling on the treatment of criminals. Furthermore, prisons had been nationalised in 1877[13], this coupled with the harsh regimes led to a steady fall in crime[14], proving the effectiveness of this development on law and order. Further legislation such as the Prison Act 1898, reasserted the idea of reformation as the main role in prison regimes. This led to a dilution of the separate system, the abolition of hard labour, and established the idea t hat prison labour should be productive. The argument of the reformation of prisons brought attention to young offenders. Transportation itself had ended in 1852, as reformists viewed it as a lenient punishment, however under the Reformation School Acts (1854); courts were allowed to send children for transportation[15] setting double standards within society, whilst historians argue that there were little, if any boundaries between children and adults[16]. The Children’s Act of 1908, established juvenile courts[17] and also banned prison sentences to those less than 14 years of age. This was significant in influencing effective law enforcement, as children were seen with sympathy and compassion. The legislation also showed that boundaries were being set for adults and children. During this period there was a general feeling that children were committing crime due to inadequate discipline and education at home, thus the Borstal System was introduced[18]. The main elements in the borstal programs included; education, regular work, vocational training, and group  counselling, however the Borstal System proved to be ineffective as 75% of inmates still re-offended[19] . Further developments came into fruition in the form of technology, which greatly influenced effective law and order. It has been argued that were being increasingly caught[20], for instance, advancements through the development of finger printing in 1901[21]. The development aimed to prevent criminals from concealing previous convictions. This development contributed to effective law and order as a database of criminals was created which the police could use as a reference for repeat offenders. Other tools which helped the police force included Radio telegraphy and the use of the 999 system in 1910. These developments influenced effective law and order as the police was able to communicate better with not only one another, but also with those in need of help. However the effect of the modernisation of the police force meant that there was increasing reliance on electronical and technological methods, thus alienating the average police man from his community[22]. It can be argued that the use of media had also affected the influence the effectiveness of law and order as public opinion had been influenced through the use of various Medias. The Oscar Wilde Case of 1895[23], exemplified how societies stereotypical immoralities i.e. homosexuality, could be used against someone in a court of law and order and convict them as a criminal. Other cases, for instance the Derek Bentley Case of 1952[24], showed further miscarriage of justice, as the wrong person was hung. This case was significant in influencing law and order as the media attention helped increase societies widespread doubt in the justice system. An added incentive that motivated the public’s change of attitude towards capital punishment and the miscarriage of justice was the Ruth Ellis Case of 1955[25]. It was evident from this case, that Ellis was did not receive the correct legal representation in court and the case was not thoroughly investigated. It was found out after the trial; Ellis was a victim of domestic violence, which could have been the cause for her crime of passion. These high profile cases strengthened the public’s resolve on the issue of the barbarity of capital punishment and the ever present fact that there was  no reprieve for those who were convicted and hung. This led to the profoundly significant changes in legislation which influenced effective law and order; the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act of 1965[26]. This was paramount in policing legislation as the death penalty was abolished. The abolition was a significant change in the 20th century as capital punishment was seen with much aversion both from the public and judges alike, who were especially reluctant to hand out death penalties. In conclusion developments within policing which significantly influenced effective law and order in the period 1830-1965 were vast and all had varying impact on society. Legislation such as the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 and the Rural Constabulary Act of 1839, ensured society was protected by an organised, efficient national police force. However officers were distrusted by the general public, therefore they had many hurdles to face before having a significant impact on society. However one cannot base the effectiveness of law and order within this period solely on developments in policing, as there were other contributory factors. For example; reformation of prisons through work of individuals such as Elizabeth Fry, the establishment of the C.I.D, technological developments such as finger printing and DNA sampling and high profile cases like that of Oscar Wilde. These developments greatly advanced effective law and order, as one can base the suggestion of decreasing crime rate during 1830-1965[27] on these as well as the developments in policing. Bibliography Books Trend of Crime 1750 – 1900 – Ian Dawson Crime and Punishment: A Study Across Time – Roger Whiting 1968 D.Taylor. ‘Crime, Policing, Punishment in England 1750-1914’ The Victorian Underworld, Donald Thomas 1998 Police and Prisons – P. F. Speed 1970 Crime and Punishment through time, John Murray History of Police in England and Wales – T. Crithchley 1978 Websites www.historyhome.co.uk www.learnhistory.org.uk www.parliament.uk/ www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_and_Borough_Police_Act_1856 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper#Investigation www.suite101.com/content/the-jubilee-plot-to-kill-queen-victoria-a290563 www.howardleague.org/index.php?id=elizabethfry www.howardleague.org/history-of-prison-system/ www.crimezzz.net/forensic_history/index.htm www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_wilde www.innocent.org.uk/cases/derekbentley/index.html www.stephwn-stratford.co.uk/ruth_ellis.htm www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/71/enacted

Application Of Constructivist Grounded Theory - 969 Words

Following the underpinning philosophical perspectives mentioned earlier, the researcher decided to choose qualitative research method, as theories are developed by people involving their routines daily (Flick, 2009). This is very much related to the view of social constructionism view for the research. In order to ensure the research to become rigorous and to achieve the comprehensible objective, qualitative method will be a practical way of conducting research (Tracy, 2010). Studying entrepreneurship makes it sensible for qualitative research method because it involves â€Å"real-world situation† (Yin, 2010) and contains collaboration with the community. This research will use case study with the application of constructivist grounded theory method (Charmaz and Smith, 2003; Glaser et al., 1968) as it intended to develop theory from the emerging themes and interests (Charmaz, 2008). It is the most relevant method to apply as the researcher has similar background and interests with the participants (Charmaz and Smith, 2003) plus similar passion making it highly impossible for her to make use of the their background stories and natural proclivities (Mills et al., 2006). Charmaz (2008) emphasises that Glaser and Strauss are both â€Å"objectivists† (Easterby-Smith et al., 2012) and do not comply with a subjectivist’s view of research. As Gioia and Chittipeddi (1991) assert in their study that interpretivism implies that the researcher must â€Å"be grounded† in the culture of theShow MoreRelatedUsing Mobile Technology For Farming And Economic Reasons1343 Words   |  6 Pagesstated that the Indian government was really on to something â€Å"new† with the Indian culture. Does this application not â€Å"go beyond† what the theory claims? This writer contends that –â€Å"If You Build It They Will Come† (Kinsella, 1982). 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